good laptop battery

expert diagnosis system for the development of the status quo at home and abroad

According to the International Electrotechnical Society (IEC) in 1995, developed Aspire 1410 battery management system standards, and electric vehicle battery management system must have a certain battery diagnostic functions, including unhealthy cells and to provide early warning information on the battery aging. During these 10 years, major foreign companies conduct a vigorous research studies, and in its operation using the battery management system by adding a certain amount of battery diagnostics. One representative of the company, and Mentzer Electronic GmbH in Germany, led by Werner Retzlaff designed BADICOaCH system; U.S. Aerovironmevt developed SmartGuard System (Long - Life Battery Using Intelligent Modular Control System).

(1) BADICOaCH System

BADICOaCH system is BADICHEQ system improvements, it has a battery diagnostic-related functions: on the recent 24 charge-discharge cycles to store TravelMate 4500 detailed data and allow good and bad judgments on the battery when the battery quickly find basic information and errors are used;

(2) SmartGuard System

SmartGuard system has a battery diagnostic-related functions are mainly to provide reverse polarity alarm and battery discharge history and archives.

Domestic battery fault diagnosis also has certain research, such as Chunlan Research Institute, Tsinghua University, but most of the research is still in its early stages.

In this paper, the battery fault diagnosis study is to find fault with the LCBTP03003 battery cell performance parameters to one or the relationship between N, through real-time monitoring, comparing the same battery of different parameters between single cell changes and consider some other factors to carry out a comprehensive diagnosis. After years of study, has concluded with a pre-feasibility study of algorithms and experiments in electric car sports car for battery diagnostics. His thinking is the same one every single battery charge and discharge the battery at the same current, the majority of each single cell performance was similar, but there are some inconsistencies in the performance of the battery. Through an integrated consideration of various cells during this time, on the average voltage offset and various battery voltage during this time period can be estimated changes in battery performance is good or bad. Small and single-cell voltage offset voltage change is relatively small, A42-A3 good battery performance. Because there is no failure was the performance of a battery charging voltage increase for the slow discharge voltage drops slowly.

3 Fault Diagnosis Expert System

3.1 Expert System

An expert system is a system of procedures for a large number of expertise. It can provide knowledge in the area of a particular reasoning to Aspire 1300 simulate the human expert in a field decision-making process to resolve those in need of experts to solve complex problems.

Mainly by the expert system knowledge base, inference engine, working storage area, access to knowledge and interpretation of interface, subsystem of five components. Among them, knowledge base and inference engine is the core of expert systems. Knowledge is mainly used to store provided by experts in the field of expertise, which includes the fact that library and the rule base. Function of the inference engine is based on certain reasoning strategies selected from the knowledge base of relevant knowledge, provide evidence of reasoning, until the draw the appropriate conclusions [1].

In addition, some experts knowledge acquisition system also has an automatic function. On the one hand from the outside through the Q & A with experts to acquire knowledge, on the other hand the system can be run constantly sum up their experience and gain knowledge from the inside. BTP-APJ1

3.2 Design

Is currently being developed for electric vehicles using lithium iron phosphate battery working principle and its application in electric vehicles use an in-depth understanding and analysis of the battery cell diagnostics experience in the use of experts to sum up the battery diagnostic rules. At the same time knowledge of fuzzy mathematics, initially proposed a reasonable and practical battery fault diagnosis model.

Fault diagnosis model under the battery on the battery using the state data needs, development of battery data acquisition system and the corresponding host computer human-machine interface. Then in accordance with the structure of expert system to build the battery fault diagnosis system. Include: BTP-AQJ1

The establishment of a Global Database

2 for a battery archives database

3 establishment of the rule base

4 development of reasoning scheduler module

5 develop human-computer interaction program modules.

At last, the battery fault diagnosis system for electric vehicle batteries used in diagnostic tests, in the test battery diagnostic model parameters to achieve the adjustment, so perfecting. Overall design of the structure shown in Figure BTP-ARJ1

Lithium-ion battery pack expert diagnosis system

Abstract: The battery pack fault diagnosis is an important function of the battery management system. BATCL50L According to Li-ion battery pack failures and external characteristics of the relationship between the establishment of a battery fault diagnosis expert system model, and gives the rules used by expert system, historical archives of data content, and the battery pack to run performance evaluation algorithm, the final adoption of test the results are verified.
1 Introduction

With the continuous development of the national economy, energy, electricity, transportation, telecommunications, environmental protection and other areas of modern demands are rising. As a back-up battery system of energy is being used in large quantities does not allow power-off of all of the power supply systems, battery is an indispensable backup power systems. Moreover, the battery system in various industries more and more widely applied. Battery operating status is normal, TravelMate 290 a direct impact on applications in a variety of equipment, normal, reliable and safe operation. In particular, unmanned site and e-commerce center, bank back-up battery becomes particularly important.

After testing and optimization of the battery group in each monomer battery performance differences still exist between, these differences in the long-running process of the battery due to small differences in the environment (such as the temperature difference) to varying degrees to generate new differences. After a long run, individual battery performance decreased significantly, seriously affect the battery performance, or even result in accidents, and requires early diagnosis of single-cell performance degradation and early failure. In addition, the single-cell performance degradation and failure will reduce the battery's SOC (state of charge) value, because poor performance of a single battery power determines the battery's state of charge. A battery is normally provided by a number of single TravelMate 4000 cell or battery modules in series; performance of the backward single battery may cause early termination of the entire battery discharge. And therefore need to be equipped battery fault diagnosis expert system. Through the diagnostic system to achieve the battery failures and risks of early warning, so that it can effectively increase the electric vehicle battery pack driving range and trouble-free working hours, so to minimize the maintenance workload, thus ensuring reliable operation of electric vehicles are able to.

Electric vehicles in whole or in part from the energy storage battery. Constrained electric vehicle technology development and industrialization of electric vehicles as a major problem is energy storage cell and its application. Battery in the use of a prominent issue is the difference between the various cells, there are inconsistencies, so early detection of inconsistencies and faults the TravelMate 2300 battery has become very crucial technical challenges. Need to develop a battery of early fault diagnosis system. Through expert diagnosis system, we can achieve the early diagnosis of unhealthy cells, but also so that the remaining capacity estimation model can be more accurate, this can extend the battery life and further reduce battery costs and increase the driving range of electric vehicles to improve vehicle drive reliability. The system and technology research has theoretical value and the promotion of electric vehicles, industrial significance. Aspire 1680

Economic Information Daily: low-carbon era of strategic transformation of China's energy

Energy transition is the key to the country's economic restructuring, but also an important symbol of social progress. laptop battery To achieve low-carbon technology, and ordered the energy structure is the fundamental positioning of China's energy strategy.
China's energy efficiency, pollution is serious, to some extent is not due to insufficient technical strength, but because of institutional unreasonable and caused by the imperfect market mechanisms. Technological innovation to support industrial development of the institutional lack of rail, allowing a large number of clean and efficient energy technologies are not widely used.

Energy is "industrial food" or even "the blood of modern industry", but continued to release a huge external impact. Energy tremendous impact on the environment, even more than other industries. In China, the coal industry, oil, thermal power and other traditional energy development and utilization have been carrying the miracle of China's economic take-off for nearly 30 years,M6091 but also a great extent, affect the survival of our natural environment to their homes.

Therefore, the energy structure to the direction of diversification and balanced development of both a strategic transformation of the core issues of energy, but also macro-economic strategy towards sustainable development in the direction of rational choice. In December 2009 Central Economic Work Conference held in clear will "to adjust economic structure," one of the tasks included in the 2010 six.

Of "coal" in China's energy structure of

Occurrence of the characteristics of resources, a fundamental decision to maintain our long-standing "to coal-based" structural features of energy consumption.

In 1952 compared to 2008, China's primary energy consumption of coal increased from 95% down to 68.7 percent, oil consumption increased from 3.37% to 18%, natural gas consumption increased by 0.2% to 3.8 percent, hydropower, nuclear and wind power in the energy consumption structure in the proportion of from 1.61% to 9.5%. Acer Laptop Battery

Is basically the same structure of energy production. Among them, taking of the absolute percentage of traditional energy, particularly coal production since 2002's eight years in the energy production structure in the proportion has remained at around 76%; followed by oil, China's crude oil production in the structure of energy production 12% of the basic level. In the secondary energy, regardless of the consumption structure or the structure of production, and basic to coal-based thermal power-oriented energy.

Overall, China's energy production and consumption, showing a "rich coal, short of oil, less gas," and "new energy shortage," the structural characteristics. Clearly, this low calorific value of fossil fuel-based energy structure, the negative externality the more significant impact on the environment.
Development Trend of China's energy diversification BTP-43D1

The trend of China's energy diversification is currently manifested mainly through three scenarios:

The basis of the formation of multi-energy system development trend

Through the promotion of natural gas, coal-bed methane gas and other clean energy sources by leaps and bounds, the promotion of energy system from the "coal-based" structural features to the "oil, and gas equal emphasis on" transformation. This is the "Eleventh Five-Year" during the transformation of China's energy system, an important direction, but also the basis of China's energy system to achieve diversification strategy, the inevitable choice.

China to open "gas energy" Time has a good resource base. At present, China has proven natural gas reserves of 2.6 trillion cubic meters, is expected to be recoverable reserves of 7-10 billion cubic meters. At the same time, China's coal-bed methane resource-rich, is the most inexpensive high-quality coalbed methane resources in the reserve country. The latest survey results show that resource: our depth of 2,000 meters in the shallow geological resources of coal-bed methane total of 36 trillion cubic meters, of which recoverable reserves of 10 trillion cubic meters, TravelMate 220 ranking third in the world.

Clearly, China has met the land in accordance with Tuohai an independent supply of gas energy to push the gas energy by leaps and bounds have been prepared with a sufficient resource base and transition conditions.

Multi-level, low-carbon energy structure, showing the pattern of

Founding 60 years, with the national economic and social development, particularly in the promotion of technological progress, China's primary energy consumption structure, from the sound to achieve the "coal" to "equal emphasis on oil, and gas," the change, while the new energy, the proportion of renewable energy sources there are also improved significantly.

Comparison of the energy mix in 1952, as of 2008, China's primary energy consumption of coal increased from 95% down to 68.7%, oil and natural gas consumption accounted for 21.8%, hydropower, nuclear and wind power are clean and can be the proportion of renewable energy is close to 10%. BTP-58A1

Although the future energy situation, there are still many uncertainties, but China's energy consumption structure is being fully diversified trend.

Recently, the State authorities are working on a new "energy development Shier Wu plan." It is understood that the proposed "new energy industry planning", requiring "Shier Wu" planning period, the new energy sources the proportion of total energy consumption from current levels to around 12% -13% by 2020, new energy the proportion of the energy structure will reach 15%. Will be wind power, solar power and nuclear power generation installed capacity targets in large-scale restructuring, which will have a tremendous new energy industry a boost.

Has been initially achieved in the industrialization of new energy and renewable energy sources, solar and photovoltaic energy development extremely important. China has become the largest producer of solar cells, as at the end of 2008 China solar cell output reached 1000M W, ranking first in the world. Solar cell production in 2009 reached 2800MW,BTP-60A1 and the development and use of space is still enormous. In addition, the revitalization of nuclear power has also become the focus of the new era of energy diversification.

Energy development strategy for the formation of regional diversification

In recent years, China's energy development, not only the formation of the layout of the domestic development of a diversified pattern in the international energy development, has gradually formed a strategic layout of the diversified investment and development trends. Energy development in diversified, moving from home and abroad by domestic development to simultaneously speed up the development mode shift.

China's "a shortage of oil and gas resources are relatively rich in coal," the resources of occurrence status, fundamentally determines that China's oil (601857) industry from the past "by relying on domestic development, relying on foreign imports" model must be broken, especially in the oil more to more seriously affect the national security today, China's oil industry have a historic change: "from the domestic development model to accelerate the changes in domestic and international development simultaneously." TravelMate 240

With the continuous expansion of the international strategic space, China has been actively involved in international energy resource market, the "collective chorus" in. At present, China's energy field of international cooperation from the original oil-and gas-based, and gradually extended to natural uranium, coal, electricity, wind energy, bio-fuels, energy technology and equipment and other aspects; Up to now, China has 36 countries have established mechanisms for bilateral energy cooperation.

In addition, in recent years, through wholly-owned, joint ventures, equity participation, M & A, etc. in a flexible manner, China's energy companies in overseas energy resources exploration, development and utilization has carried out fruitful cooperation.

The transformation of China's energy strategy objectives

From a strategic point of view, the energy challenges facing our country no more than two dimensions of the contradiction:

First, the limited energy supply and economic development in the growing contradiction between the energy demand. This is an economic issue, requires that we must think about how to carry out system design and effective implementation, "to limited energy to meet the sustained and rapid economic growth." BTP-52EW

Second, large-scale use of energy and environmental situation in the contradiction between increasing. This is a social problem, we are required to balance the economic needs and choose a combination of social objectives, we should be "as much as possible to reduce or even avoid the energy use during the environmental damage and social welfare loss."

Face its energy challenges, countries not only at the macro level or the micro level, have put forward the scientific concept of development in accordance with the requirements of energy and resources into economic growth, that "energy-saving emission reduction," the effective use of resources to the call, while the legal development of a family-related economic laws and regulations by the law and the energy sector high consumption, high pollution from the source has played a powerful role in binding.

To this end, in recent years, China's energy sector have taken place in the following areas quietly strategic transformation and development of changes:

By the high cost of extensive use of energy to change the mode of intensive use of energy

With the rising level of China's market-oriented, market-based mechanism gradually healthy economic growth depends on the plan being developed by the extensive reliance on market-based model to the intensive paradigm shift. In this historical trend under the guidance of government in economic management concepts and methods have undergone tremendous change, BTP-63D1 particularly in recent years for the development of the industrial structure optimization and energy industry issued a series of policies, not only a strong impetus to the level of the state's industrial upgrading and changes in the high-energy-consuming industries has been contained, but also to the energy industry into a collective energy-saving emission reduction track.

In particular the coal industry base construction and resource barriers to the establishment of firm size, so that the size of the coal industry structure tends to be improved so that energy efficiency greatly improved. Recently, more controversial is the integration of coal resources in Shanxi Province, showing a "dilemma" situation: the size of energy conservation is to improve the protection of the environment, or the country back into the China challenge of property rights, fair market issues. In fact, from the energy industry, in essence, need to improve the degree of concentration of the coal industry, with the necessary scale of it must be saved, and the use of an efficient institutional arrangements and the establishment of a strict economic order, through the rules of the market to achieve the goal of energy to improve the is important.

In addition, the promotion of energy conservation and energy BTP-42C1 efficiency aspects play a role in promoting technology innovation, equipment and technology to achieve leapfrog development, promote energy productivity "great liberation." Development today, China's mining processing in the energy, electric power transmission and distribution technologies, energy conservation and energy efficiency technologies have made historic strides, and tackled a series of technical difficulties, the construction of a large number of domestic equipment, has developed a large number of domestic equipment, master and build a series of energy theoretical system.

By the negative externalities of non-clean energy development and the shift to clean energy technology

China's energy efficiency, pollution is serious, to some extent is not due to insufficient technical strength, but because of institutional unreasonable and caused by the imperfect market mechanisms. Technological innovation to support industrial development of the institutional lack of rail, allowing a large number of clean and efficient energy technologies are not widely used.

In this regard, from the "15" later, the state attaches great importance to clean energy development, has introduced the "Clean Energy Production Promotion Law", "Renewable Energy Law" and a series of clean energy policies and regulations, "Recycling Economy Law" is also being promulgated in the brewing. In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy and social development has improved continuously, the whole society an increased awareness of environmental protection, and in the national economy in all industries, especially the energy sector received very positive response, so that the social development needs of clean energy the environment has changed significantly.

In our national economic and social development "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" for the first time to our country's energy-saving, environmental assessment and indicators of economic growth, triple-bound quantitative constraints, clearly pointed out: by 2010, should be "per capita gross domestic product value is more than double that of 2000 "," unit of GDP energy consumption reduced by 20% or so ", and" the total discharge of major pollutants reduced by 10% "and so on target. Today, the "post-Copenhagen era," the pressure that global carbon emissions in the "Shier Wu" period of carbon emission reduction as the core of environmental issues more important than ever, Premier Wen Jiabao at the Copenhagen Conference of the solemn commitments have been fully BTP-44A3 demonstrated: Environment The problem is the top priority for future development.

Low-carbon technology is a general trend. The energy industry as a high-carbon industries, particularly in China coal-based energy system, its carbon dioxide emissions is "persistent" problem, therefore, China's coal-based energy system can only be a fundamental change to the "Clean of low-carbon-based "road.

By non-market-oriented transition to a market-oriented goals

Overall, comparing the size of China's economic and social development level, China's economic system and the level of the market mechanism is still relatively lagging behind. It has been decided, China's energy market reform is mainly embodied as follows: market-oriented price formation mechanism as well as the energy capital of the depth of two ways.

First, the price reform. In the energy sector, the price issue has always been a sensitive issue will affect the situation as a whole. In particular, the price of oil and natural gas industry, long-term reliance on national administrative control. In fact, China's oil and gas price formation mechanism is still self-contained. Market-oriented reforms in the price, go faster should be the field of coal and electricity. After 10 years of gradual reform, the coal market price to the government in early 2010 and complete exit; coke is close to opening up the market prices; and people's livelihood of the most sensitive to the market price of electricity, but also social development, according to changes in the new situation of the initial achieved a market-oriented. BTP-550P

Second, the energy capital of the issue. Grafting of modern energy enterprises in the capital of the developed platform is its realization of institutional innovation and rapid route to development. At present, China's three oil giants energy companies, PetroChina, Sinopec and CNOOC (Quotes, information, reviews) has been achieved in various locations around the world available. As of early 2009, listed companies in the coal industry is about 40-50 at home, its total market value reached more than 1 trillion yuan. In addition, the electric power sector companies are also 50-60 at home, its total market value of nearly 6,000 billion yuan. Through the realization of market, oil, coal and electricity industry concentration significantly increased significantly improve our ability to compete.

In the international market, through the capital market resources, the overall expansion of China's energy industry practice of "going out" strategy, a more distinctive features. Since 2006, the SASAC published overseas investment strategy of the three oil companies since the expansion of the energy sector the focus of international capital has penetrated into all the world's oil-rich regions.

In short, low-carbon technology is a global trend, but also Chinese targets. Energy transition is the key to the country's economic restructuring, but also an important symbol of social progress. Therefore, a low-carbon technology, and ordered the energy structure is the fundamental positioning of China's energy strategy. BTP-73E1